Glossary

A hardware addition to an existing computing device that increases the computer's processing speed and capabilities.

Constrains the flow of traffic by individual IP address or by a range of IP addresses.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that defines security policies for network users and enables the firewall to perform identity and health checks on clients.

The combination of an access key ID (like AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE) and a secret access key (like JalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY). You use access keys to sign API requests that you make to AWS.

A unique identifier that's associated with a secret access key, the access key ID and secret access key are used together to sign programmatic AWS requests cryptographically.

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client. Monitoring software, responsible for sending the endpoint health status to the Access Control Service for baselining.

Forwarding rule that determines how clients on a source network access resources on a destination network.

A directory service that Microsoft developed for Windows domain networks and that is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services.

Enables you to configure Microsoft Exchange accounts on a mobile device.

Technique of analyzing request and response traffic to generate customized security profiles for the web application. See also exception profiling. 

Software utility that can be used in conjunction with a device or service; for example, Barracuda Outlook Add-In.

A piece of software that enhances another software application and usually cannot be run independently.

Technique that allows different protocols to interoperate by translating addresses from one format to another.

Malicious cyber attacks directed at a specific target, usually over a long period of time. APTs are often run by professional organizations, looking to steal information rather than just money.

Service that analyzes inbound email attachments with most MIME types in a separate, secured cloud environment, detecting new threats and determining whether to block such messages. Formerly known as Advanced Threat Detection, or ATD.

A specification for the encryption of electronic data. 256-bit refers to the key length and is the maximum value.

List of domains, users, or hosts that are allowed access, especially referring to mail and web traffic.

AWS-managed service for deploying, operating, and scaling Elasticsearch in the AWS Cloud.

Amazon's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

AWS template that contains configuration, application server, and applications required to launch an EC2 AWS Instance.

Mobile device operating system. Compare to Apple iOS.

Protection against network attacks that combine several different known evasion methods to create a new technique that is delivered over several layers of the network simultaneously. 

Protection against malicious software, used to disrupt computer or mobile operations, gather sensitive information, gain access to private computer systems, or display unwanted advertising.

Protection against attacks that involve obfuscated code. Obfuscation may involve encrypting code, stripping out potentially revealing metadata, renaming useful class and variable names, or adding meaningless code to an application binary. 

Antivirus software, abbreviated: AV. Used to prevent, detect and remove malicious software.

 A set of tools and procedures provided by the programmer of an application so that other programmers can control, exchange data with, or extend the functionality of an application.

Access Point Name provided by an ISP for wireless WAN connections.

Access rule that rewrites the destination IP address and forwards the traffic to a service running on a local IP address of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Apple mobile operating system for devices such as iPhone and iPad. Compare to Android.

Device or piece of equipment.

Enables you to control application traffic, including sub-applications, such as chat function and picture uploading.

Layer 7 of the OSI reference model. This layer provides services to application processes (such as electronic mail, file transfer, and terminal emulation) that are outside of the OSI model.

AWS feature that makes routing decisions at the application layer (HTTP/S), supports path-based routing, and can route requests to one or more ports on each EC2 instance or container instance in a VPC.

Firewall object that references lists of applications. Can be applied to an application rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Firewall rule that allows you to block or throttle traffic for detected applications.

Considering and inspecting application traffic. The Barracuda NextGen Firewall is an application-aware network firewall.

When configured, the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall routes traffic through the provider link that is defined in the connection object.

Protocol for mapping IP addresses to physical addresses such as Ethernet or Token Ring.

Type of attack in which a malicious actor sends falsified ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages over a local area network. This results in the linking of an attacker's MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or server on the network.

Referring to a standard 7-bit character system that includes the alphanumeric characters and printer control codes.

A broadband transmission system using 53-octet packets over a cell-switched network at speeds up to 2.2 GBPS.

Service on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that is used for central audit log file collection.

Application used to automate Offline Firewall Authentication on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall.

Name server that gives answers in response to queries about names in a DNS zone.

Associated with DNS. A section of the domain-name tree for which one name server is the authority.

A web service designed to launch or terminate AWS instances automatically based on user-defined policies, schedules, and health checks.

A representation of multiple EC2 instances that share similar characteristics, and that are treated as a logical grouping for the purposes of instance scaling and management.

Collection of networks under a common administration sharing a common routing strategy. Autonomous systems are subdivided by areas. An autonomous system must be assigned a unique 16-bit number by the IANA. 

A distinct location within an AWS region that is insulated from failures in other Availability Zones, and provides inexpensive, low-latency network connectivity to other Availability Zones in the same region.

Virus scanning engine used by the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Avira is integrated in the Virus Scanner service.

A web service for provisioning, managing, and deploying Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates for use with AWS services.

Enables you to use the Internet privately through AWS cloud services by linking your internal network to an AWS Direct Connect location. You can create virtual interfaces directly to the AWS cloud and to Amazon VPC, bypassing Internet service providers in your network path.

A managed cloud platform that lets connected devices easily and securely interact with cloud applications and other devices.

A named set of AWS resources in the same geographical area. A region comprises at least two Availability Zones.

Routing table used in AWS subnets, that can be modified, for example, to use an Internet gateway as the target for the default route.

A simple and intuitive web-based user interface to access and manage AWS.

Microsoft's public cloud platform that lets you build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of datacenters.

A fully managed multi-tenant service from Microsoft that offers identity and access capabilities for applications running in Microsoft Azure and for applications running in an on-premises environment.

A set of modules that provide cmdlets to manage Azure with Windows PowerShell. 

Azure deployment mode that enables you to work with the resources in your solution as a group. Recommended for new deployments.

Allows you to create network routes for traffic between subnets and to the Internet.

Feature that helps to prevent, detect, and respond to threats with increased visibility of Azure resources, and provides security monitoring and policy management.

Classic deployment mode used in legacy Azure deployments. ASM offers a web interface and PowerShell for deployments. 

Microsoft Azure resource group that may contain storage accounts for OS disks, source images, and all other data an application requires. 

Part of the back-end process, that usually consists of server, application, and database. The back end is where the technical processes happen, as opposed to the front end, which is usually where the user's interaction occurs.

Referring to the Internet, a central network that provides a pathway for other networks to communicate.

Allows export of historical revisions of data backed up and stored on Barracuda Backup appliances.

Operating mode for Ethernet bundles where the link is chosen by calculating the hash out of the source/destination MAC (Layer 2) combined with the IP addresses (Level 3).

Rate of data transfer, usually expressed in multiples of bits per second (bps).

The process of reformatting a computer from scratch after a catastrophic failure. Typically, the process involves reinstalling the operating system and software applications and then, if possible, restoring data and settings.

Barracuda anti-phishing detection which uses a special Bayesian database for detecting phishing scams.

Barracuda solution that allows you to manage most Barracuda Networks products directly from a single interface, or from our mobile application. Accessed through Barracuda Cloud Control.

Barracuda Networks' comprehensive centralized management system that allows administrators to manage multiple Barracuda Web Application Firewalls with varying configurations from a single console.

Gives you ownership and control over all of your import communication, documents, and other unstructured data. It safely archives your emails and files, making it easy to comply with email retention policies and easy to find information, no matter where it resides.

Barracuda Networks' affordable solution for onsite and remote data storage and access, which allows you to quickly and securely store data in multiple offsite locations.

Versions of Barracuda Backup can be purchased as an annual service that includes an appliance, Energize Updates, Instant Replacement, and Unlimited Cloud storage.

Online documentation and training material for all Barracuda Networks products, located at campus.barracuda.com. Contains feature descriptions, how-to articles, and release notes. Formerly known as Barracuda University and Barracuda TechLibrary.

Provides a wide range of statistics, threat information, and a number of useful services to help manage and secure your network. Shares information with Barracuda Networks customers and the Internet security community. 

A complementary component of all Barracuda Networks products, providing an added layer of protection and scalability.

Barracuda Networks' Software as a Service (SaaS) solution hosted in the Barracuda Cloud, previously referred to as direct-to-cloud. The Barracuda Cloud Archiving Service is designed for customers that do not want to manage a physical or virtual appliance.

A comprehensive cloud-based service that enables administrators to monitor and configure multiple Barracuda Networks products from a single console.

Enterprise-grade, cloud-generation firewall, purpose-built for efficient deployment and operation within dispersed, highly dynamic, and security-critical network environments.The product was formerly known as Barracuda NextGen Firewall or Barracuda NG Firewall and in Q1 2018 got renamed to CloudGen Firewall to emphasize its abilities to protect cloud and dispersed networks.

Enables Internet of Things (IoT) devices and micro-networks to connect to the corporate datacenter via Secure Access Concentrators (FSACs).

Barracuda Networks' web interface that enables administrators to monitor and configure multiple Barracuda Networks products from a single console. Through the web interface, you can check the health of all connected devices, run reports that are generated by gathering data from all the devices, and assign roles with varied permissions to different types of users.

Barracuda CloudGen Firewall feature that provides a visual representation of the status of VPN site-to-site tunnels around the world. Information is retrieved from the Control Center.

Barracuda Networks' email security gateway that manages and filters all inbound and outbound email traffic to protect organizations from email-borne threats and data leaks.

Barracuda Networks' comprehensive and affordable cloud-based email security service that protects both inbound and outbound email against the latest spam, viruses, worms, phishing, and denial of service attacks.

Barracuda Email Threat Scanner for Exchange is a free Windows application that allows you to scan on-premises Microsoft Exchange Servers for threats in existing user mailboxes.

Tool to discover security and compliance threats that reside in your Microsoft Office 365 account.

Barracuda Networks' solution provides critical multi-layer security and mail archival for your email environment. Providing enhanced functionality, Barracuda Essentials is a secure, cloud-based service from Barracuda.

Helps organizations prepare, migrate, and operate faster, safer, and more efficiently in Office 365. Barracuda Essentials provides critical multi-layer security, archiving, and backup for Office 365.

Application used to administer Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls and Barracuda Firewall Control Centers. 

Central administration appliance designed to manage a large number of Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls. 

Dynamically balances traffic across multiple ISP links to ensure Internet continuity and availability, even during ISP outages. It balances both outbound and inbound traffic intelligently, so users have Internet access whenever they need it.

Barracuda Networks' solution integrates IP load balancing and network intrusion prevention into an affordable and easy to use appliance. The Barracuda Load Balancer provides comprehensive failover capabilities in case of server failure, distribution of traffic across multiple servers, and integrated protection from network intrusions.

Barracuda Networks' unified, high-performance platform that helps organizations achieve their availability, acceleration, application control, and application security objectives. Available either as a hardware appliance or as a virtual appliance on supported hypervisors.

Barracuda Networks' cloud-connected appliance uses the Barracuda Cloud to move information to the cloud as a secondary tier of storage. It also provides a powerful, yet simple platform for eDiscovery and compliance.

An encrypted email message service for the Barracuda Email Security Gateway and the Barracuda Email Security Service.

The Barracuda Network Access Client integrates with the Access Control Service of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall and lets you configure access policies and rules depending on various criteria such as identity and client health state.

Credentialed account used to log into Barracuda Services and Barracuda Appliance Control.

Contact Barracuda Networks Technical Support if you need help with your Barracuda Networks product. Visit https://www.barracuda.com/support/index for details.

Application-aware network firewall appliance, designed for organizations without dedicated IT personnel to manage firewalls.

Web Security Gateway engine used by the URL Filter service on the Barracuda NextGen Firewall F-Series. The Barracuda NG Web Security Filter can only be used in combination with the HTTP proxy and is not compatible with Application Control. Requires a Barracuda NG Web Security Gateway subscription.

Entry point into Barracuda cloud services.

Barracuda Networks product that enables IT administrators to regain control over email data stored within PST files scattered across their organization.

Advanced service to detect zero-hour spam and virus outbreaks even where traditional heuristics and signatures to detect such messages do not yet exist.

Barracuda Networks' hardware appliance that rapidly generates reports while maintaining or improving accuracy of reporting data. It also provides an aggregate view of data for customers with multiple connected devices. Currently works with connected Barracuda Web Security Gateways.

A database maintained by Barracuda Central and includes a list of IP addresses of known, good senders as well as known spammers, or IP addresses with a poor reputation.

Database of IP addresses manually verified to be noted sources of spam.

Allows remote users to establish VPN connections via a web browser. With its mobile and desktop portals, the Barracuda SSL VPN provides seamless service without having to install and configure a fully blown VPN client. SSL VPN is also available on the Barracuda Firewall and NG Firewall.

Component of the Barracuda Network Access Client, available for Windows, Linux and macOS. VPN client that secures mobile desktops connecting to the corporate LAN through the Internet.

Barracuda Networks' web application vulnerability management solution to help businesses automatically identify, assess, and mitigate web application security risks including those categorized by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) including SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), and others.See also Barracuda Vulnerability Remediation Service (BVRS).

A free add-on to the Barracuda Web Application Firewall, enables automatic scanning, remediation, and maintenance of web application policies.See also Barracuda Vulnerability Manager (BVM).

Barracuda's product that blocks an ever-expanding list of sophisticated web-based intrusions and attacks that target applications hosted on web servers and in the cloud. 

A tamper-proof client that can be installed on remote, off-network laptops or desktops to help implement a consistent web security policy across localized and distributed workforces.

Integrated content filtering, application blocking, and malware protection solution that enforces Internet usage policies on and off network by blocking access to websites and Internet applications and eliminates spyware and other forms of malware.

A statistical procedure that estimates parameters of an underlying distribution based on the observed distribution.

BGP peers that are established by manual configuration between routers to create a TCP session on port 179. 

Method of storing or transmitting data in which the most significant bit or byte is presented first. Compare with little-endian.

The standard TCP/IP naming service that links network names with IP addresses.

Storage device that moves data in sequences of bytes or bits (blocks). Example: hard disk, CD-ROM drive, flash drive.

Defines the block devices (instance store volumes and EBS volumes) to attach to an AWS instance. 

List of domains, users, or hosts that are denied access, especially refers to mail and web traffic. Sometimes known as blacklist. Compare to allow list or whitelist.

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm that can be used as a replacement for the DES and IDEA algorithms.

Allows searchers to combine words and phrases using the words AND, OR, NOT (known as Boolean operators) to limit, broaden, or define a search.

Loader for the operating system. A program that runs after completion of the self tests in the hard boot process, then loads and runs the software.

Router that communicates with routers in other autonomous systems.

A standardized dynamic routing protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information between autonomous systems on the Internet.

When a BGP link fails, the CloudGen firewall can fast re-route traffic to the intended router via another linked next-hop router.

A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners’ knowledge, for example, to send spam messages. The word botnet is a combination of the words “robot” and “network”.

An operating level of the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. Services run on the box layer.

A configurable operating instance of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

The action taken by network equipment to create an aggregate network from either two or more communication networks, or two or more network segments. Bridging is distinct from routing, which allows multiple different networks to communicate independently while remaining separate.

Protection against a brute-force attack, which consists of systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. This type of attack uses a large number of attempts to gain access to a system.

In AWS, container for objects that can be stored in Amazon S3.

The practice of allowing employees or members of an organization to use their own computers, phones, or other devices for work.

Data deduplication method that analyzes data streams at the byte level by performing a byte-by-byte comparison of new data streams versus previously stored ones.

Forwarding DNS service (BDNS) on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall that acts as a DNS proxy to speed up DNS queries.

Licence-free symmetric encryption algorithm (key block cipher).

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that specifies the number of days to delete access cache entries generated by activities traversing the Access Control Server.

Box-level service on the Barracuda CloudGen Control Center that allows remote configuration of both the Control Center and managed Barracuda CloudGen Firewalls.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that specifies DNS zones such as hosts, domains, and mail-exchangers.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that processes events generated by the managed CloudGen Firewalls.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center. The CC Firewall service has the same features as the firewall service on a CloudGen Firewall, except for Virus Scanning, URL Filtering, and ATD.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that receives structured firewall data from managed CloudGen Firewalls and stores the firewall audit information in a relational database installed on the Control Center. 

Box-level service on the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that is used for handling certificates.

Box-level service on the Barracuda CloudGen Control Center that collects raw data from the managed CloudGen Firewalls and processes it according to specified transfer settings.

Box-level service on the Barracuda Firewall Control Center that collects raw data from the managed CloudGen Firewalls and processes it according to specified transfer settings.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center, used for syslog streaming.

Box-level service of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that listens for and processes incoming log messages from managed boxes.

Box-level service on the Barracuda NextGen Control Center that is responsible for tunnel termination and tunnel handling.

Displays firewall data on the FWAUDIT tab of the Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

Allows administrators to configure multiple units from a centralized location. For example, configuring multiple Barracuda CloudGen Firewall units from the Barracuda Firewall Control Center.

A document or seal certifying the authenticity of something. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key. This allows relying parties to rely upon signatures or on assertions made about the private key that corresponds to the certified public key.

In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates.

Log of configuration changes on the appliance. Can be found in the release notes of the product.

The result of a mathematical operation that uses the binary representation of a group of data as its basis, usually to check the integrity of the data.

Technique supported by BGP4 and based on route aggregation. CIDR allows routers to group routes together in order to cut down on the quantity of routing information carried by the core routers. 

Standard for sharing files across the Internet.

Enacted by US Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children's access to obscene or harmful content over the Internet.

Virus scanning engine that is used by the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall F-Series. ClamAV is integrated in the Virus Scanner service.

Classes of IP addresses as defined in the Internet Protocol hierarchy.

In AWS, a Classic Load Balancer makes routing decisions at either the transport layer (TCP/SSL) or the application layer (HTTP/HTTPS), and supports either EC2-Classic or a VPC (virtual private cloud).

Malicious technique where a user is tricked into clicking on a button or link on a website using hidden clickable elements inside an invisible iFrame.

Enables an encrypted connection to an organization'’s network from any desktop or mobile device. Contrast with site-to-site VPN.

A search engine optimization (SEO) technique in which the content presented to the search engine spider is different from that presented to the user’'s browser.

AWS cloud integration allows the firewall to connect directly to the AWS service fabric to rewrite routes in AWS route tables and to retrieve information for the cloud element on the dashboard. Cloud integration also works with Azure.

Allows administrators to boot VMware virtual guest systems and Microsoft Hyper-V virtual machines in the Barracuda Cloud as a sandbox for testing purposes.

A computer operating system that is specially designed to run in a provider's datacenter and be delivered to the user over the Internet or another network. Windows Azure is an example of a cloud operating system or 'cloud layer' that runs on Windows Server 2008.

The ability to move applications and data from one cloud provider to another. This is the opposite of "vendor lock-in".

Optional feature of the Barracuda Email Security Gateway. An additional layer of protection that blocks threats before they reach the network and provides email continuity.

Replicates backup data to the Barracuda Cloud, ensuring against data loss in case of a catastrophe.

A model of data storage where the digital data is stored in logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers (and often locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a hosting company.

A service offered by cloud storage providers whereby data is transformed using encryption algorithms and is then placed on a storage cloud.

Integrated network platform that combines a traditional firewall with other network device filtering functionalities, such as an application firewall using in-line deep packet inspection (DPI), an intrusion prevention system (IPS). Other techniques might also be employed.

AWS management tool that lets you create, manage, and update a collection of AWS resources using templates and allowing Json code for template deployment.

Host uploaded content and can be deployed in CloudFormation, an AWS feature.

An AWS content delivery service that helps you improve the performance, reliability, and availability of your websites and applications.

CloudGen Access Proxy is the software combo that contains Envoy Proxy and CloudGen Access Proxy Orchestrator.

A cloud-based spam scanning engine which assigns a score to each message processed ranging from 0 (definitely not spam) to 10 (definitely spam).

Replacing traditional IT operations with lower-cost, outsourced cloud services.

AWS management tool to monitor resources and applications. Aggregates data and metrics (cpu load, network throughput, disk io, etc), filters it, and provides alarm actions.

Global settings that apply to a cluster on a Barracuda NextGen Control Center.

In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated. Repeaters and hubs propagate collisions. LAN switches, bridges and routers do not.

Text string that acts as a password and is used to authenticate messages sent between a management station and a router containing an SNMP agent. The community string is sent in every packet between the manager and the agent.

Regulatory compliance describes the steps organizations must take to comply with relevant laws and regulations.

A reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit data.

The process of encoding digital information by using fewer bits.

Capability in web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization.

A synonym for a multi-port repeater that may also perform bridging and routing functions.

Feature of the Barracuda NextGen Firewall, allows you to control access to the Internet or other networks by only allowing authenticated users. 

Traffic in excess of network capacity.

AWS feature, lets you scale down EC2 instances to reduce sessions.

A firewall object that can be applied to an access rule on the Barracuda CloudGen Firewall. A connection object defines the egress interface and source (NAT) IP address for traffic matching the rule.

Barracuda Web Application Firewall (WAF) feature. A cache of database connections is maintained so those connections can be reused when future requests to the database are required. Connection pools are used to enhance the performance of executing commands on a database and also cuts down on the amount of time a user must wait to establish a connection to the database.

A distributed system consisting of servers in discrete physical locations, configured in a way that clients can access the server closest to them on the network, thereby improving speeds.

Configuring your mail gateway to remove certain types of content, like attachments and HTML tags, from email, before sending it to the recipient.

Masks the virtualization environment, so payload can be detonated more effectively.

Configurable schedule for specific commands to be executed once or on a regular basis.

Feature of S3 storage class in AWS. Once enabled, every object uploaded to a particular S3 bucket is automatically replicated to a designated destination bucket located in a different AWS region.

A type of computer security vulnerability, typically found in web applications, that enables attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by users.

Barracuda Networks' complete cloud-based video surveillance solution that captures high quality video images in almost any situation and records to Barracuda’s secure cloud.

Barracuda remote access client for mobile and desktop devices that provides VPN access and allows administrators to manage dynamic firewall rules.

Bullying that takes place using electronic technology and communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites. The Barracuda Web Security Gateway provides an alert for cyberbullying.

Registering or using an Internet domain name, based on a name that is not yours, intending to profit from the owner of the name.